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Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report
Mazo Koné,
Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-3
Received:
13 January 2020
Accepted:
27 January 2020
Published:
12 February 2020
Abstract: Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and about 36.7 million people are infected with HIV, however little is known about the prevalence of co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnancy. We report co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnant women in Mali. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii anti- IgG, IgM and HIV Combi PT serology were performed in sera from pregnant women using the Elecsys system. The HIV genotyping was performed using the Tri-DOT technique. Results: One pregnant woman out of 247 screened was anti-Toxoplasma IgM positive and HIV type I positive. An anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM positive reading is an indication of an acute/current infection. Conclusion: This suggests there is active toxoplasmosis transmission and therefore a possible risk for congenital infections in Bamako. HIV infection being endemic in Mali may accentuate toxoplasmosis pathology in this region. Toxoplasmosis surveillance and awareness are therefore necessary in Bamako to stem the scourge of this neglected infection.
Abstract: Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan...
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Evolutionary Profile of Cellulitis and Erysipelas of Lower Limbs in a Level-Two Healthcare Facility in Brazzaville, Congo
Edith Sophie Bayonne-Kombo,
Axel Gillius Aloumba,
Aude Kanga Okandzé,
Yanichka Voumbo-Mavoungou,
Alphonse Gathsé
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
4-8
Received:
24 January 2020
Accepted:
12 February 2020
Published:
19 February 2020
Abstract: Background: Cellulitis/erysipelas are the most frequent reason for hospitalization in dermatology departments. Objective: To describe evolutionary profile of cellulitis/erysipelas and to determine associated factors with the long hospital stay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 to December 2018 in Talangaï Reference Hospital, that included patients hospitalized for cellulitis or erysipelas of the lower limbs. Necrotizing fasciitis cases were excluded. A hospital stay of more than 11 days was considered long. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected and processed with Epi Info 7.2.1.0. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: One hundred and five patients were included, with an average age of 50.7 (±15) years. They were 26 (24.8%) men and 79 (74.2%) women. Antibiotic regimen used was amoxicillin in 19 (18.1%) cases, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid in 40 (38.1%) cases and ceftriaxone in 46 (43.8%) cases. The outcome was favorable in 69 (65.7%) patients. Fever persisted after 5 days-treatment in 19 (28.3%) patients out of 67 initially. Complications were cutaneous necrosis in 19 (18.0%) cases, abscess in 14 (13.3%) cases, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis in 7 and 4 cases, respectively. Two patients died. The average length of hospital stay was 13 days (±7.5) and 44 (41.9%) cases had a long hospital stay. The bullous forms of cellulitis/erysipelas [aOR=4.8, 95%CI (1.9-12.4); p=0.001] and the occurrence of complications [aOR=3.2, 95%CI (1.1-8.7); p=0.026] were associated with a long hospital stay. Conclusion: Cellulitis and erysipelas are potentially serious. Despite treatment, complications can occur, including necrosis and abscess. Effective management, including early medical treatment, daily thorough monitoring of patients, appropriate local care and collaboration with surgeons, is necessary to improve the prognosis of the disease.
Abstract: Background: Cellulitis/erysipelas are the most frequent reason for hospitalization in dermatology departments. Objective: To describe evolutionary profile of cellulitis/erysipelas and to determine associated factors with the long hospital stay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 to December 2018 in Talangaï Refe...
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Interest of the Rapid Diagnostic Test in the Management of Streptotoccic Angina in Children
Maryam Mouamin,
Fadl Mrabih Rabou Maoulainaine,
Nabila Soraa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
9-16
Received:
21 January 2020
Accepted:
11 February 2020
Published:
21 February 2020
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the interest of RDT compared to the scores of clinical presumptions (McIsaac, PCIE, WHO) in the management of angina with SBHGA of the child while referring to the bacteriological culture. We have managed a prospective analytical study carried out over 8 months between July 2012 and February 2013 in the pediatric emergency department of the Mohammed VI UHC in Marrakech in collaboration with four pediatric practices in the liberal sector, in partnership with a Swiss medical research team from the Lausanne childhood Hospital. For each child consulting for acute angina, a clinical information sheet was completed, an RDT was carried out by the examining doctor, then a throat sample used for the classic bacteriological examination was carried out and treated by the microbiology laboratory of the Mohamed VI UHC of Marrakech. 124 children with strong suspicion of strep throat were included in the study. The average age was 6 years and 4 months with a sex ratio of 1.4 in favor of boys. The bacteriological culture demonstrated the group A hemolytic β streptococcus in=45 (36,9%). The analysis of the established clinical scores revealed the a very good sensitivity reaching 100% but with a mediocre specificity not exceeding 7,7% any score combined without notable superiority of one compared to the others. Mc Isaac's score was more positive ≥ 4 since RDT and culture were positive. The RDT showed a sensitivity of 62,2% and a specificity of 96,15% compared to the bacterial culture which is the reference examination. We retained a strong resistance to erythromycin reaching 69% associated with co-resistance to lyncomicin and spiramycinin 30% of cases. The bacterial origin to SBHG A acute angina in children from the city of Marrakech represented a third of the cases. RDT, by its sensitivity, its high specificity, its speed and its reproducibility, offers a very good means of diagnostic and therapeutic orientation and allows initiating early targeted antibiotic treatment to avoid the appearance of complications in the short, medium and long term and remedy the alarming situation of resistance to macrolides in Marrakech.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the interest of RDT compared to the scores of clinical presumptions (McIsaac, PCIE, WHO) in the management of angina with SBHGA of the child while referring to the bacteriological culture. We have managed a prospective analytical study carried out over 8 months between July 2012 and February 2013 in the pe...
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Fiery Fevers - An Epidemiological Evaluation and Management Strategies Experience from a Community Based Day Care Centre
Hemalalitha Shilpa Renduchintala,
Kodamarthy Vamsi Mohan,
Sandhya Dixit
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
17-22
Received:
25 December 2019
Accepted:
5 March 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: Telangana has a long association with fiery fevers caused by mosquito bites. It is in fact in Telangana that Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial parasite in mosquito’s gut in the month of August 1897 for which he was later awarded Nobel Prize in 1902. Malaria has been high on the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever in this region. However, over the last two decades there has been an increased incidence of mosquito borne viral diseases with India becoming endemic for Dengue and Chikungunya. The prevalence of these has been on a rise and Telangana region has been no exception. An unpredictable and sudden outbreak of fever cases prevailed from August to October 2019 in Hyderabad, most of them were viral fevers and among them Dengue emerged as a major toll, to a lesser extent Chikungunya and others. Objective of this study is to present a clear and comprehensive picture of the prevailing causes of such a fever outbreak in this specified time frame in our Diagnostics and Day care centre. Serum samples were collected from all fever cases and sent to laboratory and analysed according to the following criteria –age, gender, presenting complaints, lab evaluation etc. The results have been interpretated in the form of tables, figures and graphs reflecting the predominant cause of fevers. The study showed that majority of the cases were in the age group 20–30 years with a male predilection and significant number of patients showed leucopenia and thrombocytopenia even in non dengue and non chikungungya patients. This sudden emergence is being attributed to sparkling vector transmission due to an incessant rainfall during this time inhabiting breeders in stagnant waters. It also reemphasizes the need for regular public health maintenance programmes including removing of stagnant water, mosquito control, regular public awareness camps. Need of the hour would be for both governmental and nongovernmental agencies to work in coordination to reduce the disease burden.
Abstract: Telangana has a long association with fiery fevers caused by mosquito bites. It is in fact in Telangana that Sir Ronald Ross discovered the malarial parasite in mosquito’s gut in the month of August 1897 for which he was later awarded Nobel Prize in 1902. Malaria has been high on the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever in this ...
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