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Cardiovascular Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Literatures
Seyed Mohammad Yousof Mostafavi-Pour-Manshadi,
Nafiseh Naderi,
Abolfazl Dehghan,
Sanaz Azizi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
67-77
Received:
10 May 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
4 August 2016
Abstract: There are many studies documenting that diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus has a significant role and is an important risk factor in cardiovascular manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus can affect performance, construction, and the anatomy of the heart and vessels. As a result, it can lead to cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Different mechanisms of diabetes mellitus play an important role in the manifestations of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Understanding of these mechanisms can help physicians recognize, prevent, and treat the associated cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. A detailed investigation of cardiovascular complications and diseases might be significant in the prognosis of diabetic patients and can be useful in managing and treating such patients.
Abstract: There are many studies documenting that diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus has a significant role and is an important risk factor in cardiovascular manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Diabet...
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Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease: Review on Diagnosis and Management
Enas Ahmed Hamed,
Moustafa M. Elsaeid,
Khaled Saad,
Hazem Abo-Zeed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
78-89
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
8 August 2016
Published:
26 August 2016
Abstract: Within the past few years, there is a rapid expansion in our understanding of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). chILD refers to a diverse group of rare chronic and complex respiratory disorders in children, mainly in infants under two years of age, which includes immunological and developmental abnormalities. These disorders involve the interstitium as well as the distal airspaces that result in restrictive lung physiology and significant impairment of gas exchange. chILD is clinically complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to describe chILD classification, epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, morbidity, treatments, and the outcomes of chILD.
Abstract: Within the past few years, there is a rapid expansion in our understanding of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). chILD refers to a diverse group of rare chronic and complex respiratory disorders in children, mainly in infants under two years of age, which includes immunological and developmental abnormalities. These disorders involve the ...
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Modified Alvarado Score Versus Tzanakis Score for Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Changing Clinical Practice
Malik A. A.,
Mir M. F.,
Khurshid S. U.,
Imtiaz Wani,
Riyaz Dagga
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
90-93
Received:
24 June 2016
Accepted:
28 June 2016
Published:
26 August 2016
Abstract: Background: Preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis is classically a clinical one, but with the increasing use of technology for arriving at a fool proof diagnosis, surgeons rely on radiology to a considerable extent for decision making. Especially, in developing countries where time and resources are limited, a reliable Ultrasonography (USG) based score for diagnosing acute appendicitis improves decision making. This prospective study was carried out to compare Modified Alvarado Score & Tzanakis’s Score for diagnosing acute appendicitis. Methods: 146 patients undergoing emergency appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis were included in the study. This was a prospective study carried out from July 2014 to March 2016. Patients included in the study were scored according to Modified Alvarado Score (MAS) and Tzanakis Score (TS). The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio of MAS were 94.95%, 92.6%, 98.26%, 80.64% and 0.05 respectively, and of TS were 98.32%, 96.29%, 99%, 92.85% and 0.02 respectively. Negative appendectomy rate was 1.74% for MAS (cutoff ≥7) and 0.84% for TS (cutoff ≥8). Overall negative appendectomy rate was 18.5%. Conclusion: Tzanakis score is simple, applicable and effective for diagnosing acute appendicitis.
Abstract: Background: Preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis is classically a clinical one, but with the increasing use of technology for arriving at a fool proof diagnosis, surgeons rely on radiology to a considerable extent for decision making. Especially, in developing countries where time and resources are limited, a reliable Ultrasonography (USG) ...
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Microbiological Isolates of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at the University Teaching Hospital and Beit Cure Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Harrison Phiri,
Ayugi John,
Omutsani Mary,
Froeschl Uta,
Mwaba John
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
94-100
Received:
7 June 2016
Accepted:
19 August 2016
Published:
6 September 2016
Abstract: Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common cause of hearing loss and many complications such as meningitis. Many approaches to the treatment of CSOM have been unsatisfactory because CSOM microbiological isolates, as well as their sensitivity patterns, vary from place to place. This study sought to determine the pattern of microbiological isolates of CSOM and the demographic characteristics of patients with CSOM at the University Teaching Hospital, (UTH) and Beit Cure Hospital (BCH) in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: The study was a hospital based Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the ENT outpatient clinics of UTH and BCH in Lusaka, Zambia.100 CSOM patients were included in the study. Quantitative data on the participants’ demographic details and clinical features were obtained using structured questionnaires. The middle ear discharge was aseptically collected using a sterile cotton swab. In the laboratory, samples were inoculated on agar media to isolate microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: From the findings, out of the 100 CSOM patients studied, 33(33%) were children below 18yrs and 67(67%) were adults. 59(59%) of the patients had unilateral CSOM while 41 had bilateral CSOM which gave a total of 141 ears that were analyzed.119(84.4%) had pure cultures, 20(14.2%) had mixed cultures and 2(1.4%) had no growth. Of the 169 microbiological isolates, the most frequent isolates were Proteus mirabilis 49(29.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 32(18.9%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus 18(10.7%) and klebsiella pneumoniae 17(10.1%). High sensitivity rates were revealed to Gentamycin (64-100%), meropenem (68-100%), ceftazidime (85-100%), ceftriaxone (64-80%), and ciprofloxacin (66-88%). High resistance rates were recorded to Amoxicillin-clavulanate (as high as 100%), ampicillin (as high as 100%), tetracycline (as high as 91.2%) and cotrimoxazole (as high as 100%) and penicillin (as high as 100%). Conclusion: The study concluded that Proteus mirabilis was the most dominant microbiological isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolated microorganisms had high susceptibility rates to gentamycin, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. There were high resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and penicillin.
Abstract: Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common cause of hearing loss and many complications such as meningitis. Many approaches to the treatment of CSOM have been unsatisfactory because CSOM microbiological isolates, as well as their sensitivity patterns, vary from place to place. This study sought to determine the pattern of micro...
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