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Childhood Colostomy and Its Complications in Aba, Nigeria
Ekpemo Samuel Chidi,
Eleweke Ndubuisi,
Chapp-Jumbo Assumpta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
32-34
Received:
17 March 2018
Accepted:
17 May 2018
Published:
19 June 2018
Abstract: Background: Colostomy in paediatric surgical practise is still important for decompression in colonic bowel obstruction, trauma to the colon and perineum in children. Objective: To determine the indications and complications arising from childhood colostomy in Aba, Nigeria. Methods: Proforma was opened for consecutive children that had colostomy at the Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba from October 2016 to November 2017. Data collected include demography, indication for colostomy, Type of colostomy, complications arising from the procedure and outcome. SPSS version 17 was used to asses for proportions and percentages. Results: Thirty children had colostomy during the 14 months period. There were 20 males and 10 females (male to female 2:1). Their ages ranges from 2 days to 2 years [Mean 6.5months]. The main indications for colostomy were high anorectal malformation in 15patients (50%), Hirschsprung’s disease 10 patients (33%) and perineal trauma in 5 patients (17%). Complication occurred in 10 patients (33%). The most common complications were skin excoriations in 7 patients, surgical site infection and stoma bleeding. Four patients died following severe co-morbidities. Conclusion: Colostomy is still needed for decompression in childhood colonic intestinal obstruction. However, morbidity is still high due to lack of stoma bags and stoma care nurses.
Abstract: Background: Colostomy in paediatric surgical practise is still important for decompression in colonic bowel obstruction, trauma to the colon and perineum in children. Objective: To determine the indications and complications arising from childhood colostomy in Aba, Nigeria. Methods: Proforma was opened for consecutive children that had colostomy at...
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Analgesic Effect of Viddha, A Nonpharmacological, CostEffective Local Therapy of Ayurveda (An Indian System of Medicine) in Knee Osteoarthritis (OA): A Case Report
Vishakha Rajesh Wetal,
Arun Gupta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
35-38
Received:
28 April 2018
Accepted:
31 May 2018
Published:
28 June 2018
Abstract: Objective: Global statistics reveal over 100 million people worldwide suffer from OA, which is one of the most common causes of disability. According to the Arthritis Foundation, one in every two will develop symptoms of knee OA during their lives. One of the primary symptoms of persons with knee osteoarthritis is pain. The objective of this case report is to introduce Viddha, a non drug, local therapy from Ayurveda, an Indian System of Medicine as an intervention to achieve significant analgesia immediately, which is cost effective, has no side effects with possibility of arresting the progression of disease based on Ayurveda principle. Method and Result:-Viddhachikitsa(Viddha treatment)was done with the help of 26 gauge half inch short, fine, brown hypodermic needle.Its first sitting (done on 28th Nov2017) provided immediate pain relief up to 60%in a female patient aged 47yrs with moderate Knee OA radiologically and severe symptomatically. In next two sittings (done on 30th Nov and 4th Dec 2017) there was 65% pain relief. Pain relief lasted till last follow up on 9th Jan 2018. WOMAC index LK3.1on initial assessment before treatment was 88 which came down to 40 after treatment. Conclusion:-Viddha has therapeutic value in the treatment of Knee OA.
Abstract: Objective: Global statistics reveal over 100 million people worldwide suffer from OA, which is one of the most common causes of disability. According to the Arthritis Foundation, one in every two will develop symptoms of knee OA during their lives. One of the primary symptoms of persons with knee osteoarthritis is pain. The objective of this case r...
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Analysis of Status and Risk Factors for Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Rui Han,
Wei Yang,
Dan Yang,
Xia Dong,
Lin Song,
Hua Liu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
39-45
Received:
9 June 2018
Accepted:
26 June 2018
Published:
24 August 2018
Abstract: The status and risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS) were investigated and the sensitivity and accuracy of existing examine methods of AS were evaluated in patients with diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Ninety nine patients who diagnosed with the WHO 1999 criteria for T2DM were enrolled in this study, which were divided into atherosclerotic group(group A) and non-atherosclerosis group(group B). The clinical characteristics, including fasting plasma glucose(FPG), postprandial plasma glucose(PPG), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbAlc) and early examination methods of AS, including carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT), ankle brachial index(ABI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were recorded. The t-test, χ2 test or linear regression model were used for retrospective analyses then showed that the prevalence rate of carotid plaque was 29.3%( 29/99), there is no difference between the distribution of age and gender in the group with or without plaque (χ2 = 0.044, P>0.05; t = 0.850, P>0.05). It also demonstrated that systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-C, CIMT, history of smoke were significantly higher in plaques group than that of without plaques ( P＜0.05). Logistic analysis showed that LDL-C and CIMT were independent risk factors for incidence of cervical atheromatous plaques in type 2 diabetic patients (P＜0.05). The risk of AS has increased by 1.7 times by every unit of LDL-C, as well as increased by 13.8 times by every unit of CIMT. CIMT and PWV, but not ABI, are valuable for AS diagnosing. According to sensitivity and specificity, the best diagnostic value for CIMT is 0.9mm and for PWV is 1560.As a result, LDL-C and CIMT are independent risk factors for AS. Early intervention and controlling of risks factors will have clinical value for prevention and treatment of macrovascular diseases in T2DM. The corresponding cut-off points 1560 of PWV is better than 1400 for diagnosis of AS in this hospital.
Abstract: The status and risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS) were investigated and the sensitivity and accuracy of existing examine methods of AS were evaluated in patients with diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Ninety nine patients who diagnosed with the WHO 1999 criteria for T2DM were enrolled in this study, which were divided into atherosclerotic group(group A) ...
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The Role of Gap Junction in Regulating Vascular Function and Its Relationship with Hypertension
Jian Hu,
Shiying Liu,
Yuanzhi Qiu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
46-50
Received:
11 June 2018
Accepted:
30 July 2018
Published:
27 August 2018
Abstract: Gap junction (GJ), also called as gap connection, communication connection, is a special membrane structure which consisted of connecting channels in two adjacent cells. Intercellular communication can be divided into indirect and direct communication. Direct communication is a cell-to-cell communication mediated by GJ between adjacent cells. Direct communication is also called as gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). Adjacent cells exchange information, energy, and substances by using direct communication. They participate in the metabolic coupling of cell-to-cell substances exchanges and the electrical coupling of electrical signals. They play important roles in regulating physiological processes including metabolism, homeostasis, proliferation, and vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle so on. This article will focus on introducing the progresses of studies on the morphology, structure and function of GJ in details. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. A blood pressure higher than 130 over 80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) is defined as hypertension. Hypertension and heart disease are global diseases. Hypertension was correlated with many factors, which contributed to hypertension by many mechanisms including sodium, potassium, Gap junction and so on. The studies on GJ and hypertension were also introduced in details, such as hypertension and expression of Cx, Ca2+ and GJ, Genetic Polymorphism of Cx40 and Hypertension.
Abstract: Gap junction (GJ), also called as gap connection, communication connection, is a special membrane structure which consisted of connecting channels in two adjacent cells. Intercellular communication can be divided into indirect and direct communication. Direct communication is a cell-to-cell communication mediated by GJ between adjacent cells. Direc...
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Cannabidiol Attenuates Palmitic Acid-Induced Injury in Cultured Hepatocytes Through Promoting Autophagic Flux
Rui Chen,
Xiaogang Gao,
Lei Zhang,
Wenyu Zhao,
Li Zeng,
Youhua Zhu,
Zhiren Fu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2018
Pages:
51-56
Received:
21 June 2018
Accepted:
2 August 2018
Published:
31 August 2018
Abstract: Objective: This work was designed to investigate the protection of cannabidiol (CBD) against palmitic acid (PA)-induced injury in cultured hepatocytes and the underlying mechanism associated with autophagic flux. Methods: Experiment 1: Primary cultured hepatocytes were stimulated with PA (800 μmol/L) and treated with CBD (5 μmol/L) and chloroquine (CQ, 50 nmol/L) or not for 24 hours (1: control group; 2: PA-stimulated group; 3: PA-stimulated group treated with CBD; 4: PA-stimulated group treated with CBD and CQ). Autophagic flux was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress was determined by reverse transcription PCR. The mitochondrial function was determined by using fluorescent probe including Rh123 and lucigenin. Experiment 2: Primary cultured hepatocytes were treated with CBD alone for 24 h (1: control group; 2: lower-dose CBD-treated group; 3: higher-dose CBD-treated group). Then, the autophagic flux was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: When compared to control group, exposure to PA significantly led to impaired autopagic flux (evidenced by increased ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and protein expression of p62), increased apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress (evidenced by increased mRNA expression of C/EBP homologous protein, glucose-regulated protein 78, and X-box protein 1), and mitochondrial dysfunction (evidenced by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species). When compared to PA-stimulated group, CBD treatment significantly attenuated PA-induced impaired autophagic flux, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes. The protection of CBD against PA was abolished by co-incubation with CQ. In addition, treatment with CBD alone had no significant effect on autophagic flux in cultured hepatocytes Conclusion: Cannabidiol attenuates palmitic acid-induced impaired autophagic flux, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes through promoting autophagic flux.
Abstract: Objective: This work was designed to investigate the protection of cannabidiol (CBD) against palmitic acid (PA)-induced injury in cultured hepatocytes and the underlying mechanism associated with autophagic flux. Methods: Experiment 1: Primary cultured hepatocytes were stimulated with PA (800 μmol/L) and treated with CBD (5 μmol/L) and chloroquine ...
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